The Kanji Foundry Press - Q
 

  

q4h: repeated every 4 hours.

Quaking mice: a strain of mice which does not form myelin sheaths properly showing hypomyelination of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used as an animal model of neurological disease.

QALY: quality adjusted life year, a measure of both the quantity and quality of life.

QNB: 3-quinuclidinylbenzilate, a muscarinic receptor ligand used as 3H-QNB in receptor binding studies.

QSAR: quantitative structure-activity relationship

Quantal dose-respone relationship: a relationship between the dose and the response to it assuming the response is all or none, ie the tissue, organ or animal fully responds to a drug or does not respond at all. Quantal dose-response relationships are used to determine the usefulness of a drug and its toxic dose. This relationship does not usually show the intensity of an effects but shows the frequency at which a dose produces an all-or-none effect.

Quantile: a value used to divide data into equal sections where each section has the same number of observations.

Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR): a method to correlate the biological response a compound causes with its chemical structure. QSAR is a mathematical and computational method used to try to design molecules which has specific and potent biological activity.

Queen: a term used in veterinary medicine to refer to a pregnant or nursing (domestic) cat.

Quinapril: an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor used to treat essential hypertension and conjestive heart failure.

Quinazolines: a class of antihypertensive drug which includes the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist doxazosin.

Quinazolinones: a class of diuretics used clinically to treat hypertension and oedema. Examples include metolazone.

Quinidine: a class 1A anti-arrhythmic drug used clinically to suppress supraventricular tachycardias and ventricular arrhythmias. As a class 1A drug, it moderately decreases conductivity and increases the action potential duration.

Quinine: an alkaloid and an antimalarial compound present in the bark of plants of the genus Cinchona. It is a schizonticidal drug which is active against the erythrocytic forms of plasmodia. It inhibits haem polymerase in the malarial parasite.

Quinolinic acid: a neurotoxic end product of the kynurenine pathway.
Stone TW. Neuropharmacology of quinolinic and kynurenic acids. Pharmacol Rev (1993) Sep;45(3):309-79 Quinolones: a class of synthetic antibacterial compounds which includes nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid and cinoxacin. Their derivatives are the fluoroquinolones which include norfloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nalidixic acid, for example, which was first introduced into clinical practice in 1965, is used clinically to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections. The quinolone moiety is shown in blue in the figure below.

quinolones

Quinpirole: a selective D2 dopamine agonist. It has been used as a pharmacological tool to investigate this receptor subtype.

Quisqualate: a compound obtained from the fruit and seeds of Quisqualis chinensis (red jasmine) and an agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ie ionotropic receptors which directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors which indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular storage sites.